The prefrontal cortex and amygdala are brain regions that not only referee cognitive functions and emotional states, but also contribute to the reinforcing effects of alcohol and tobacco. Little is known about the effects of alcohol and tobacco on cytochrome P450s in the human AMG. A new study focusing on two CYP2 enzymes that metabolize drugs and endogenous compounds has found that chronic drinking is associated with higher CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 protein expression in both brain regions, particularly the AMG.